Traçando o caminho do futuro para o Direito processual penal da pessoa colectiva na República Popular da China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v7i3.578Palavras-chave:
Direito processual penal da pessoa colectiva, República Popular da China, Compilação de Casos Vinculantes emitidos pela Pro- curadoria Geral do Povo Chinês, justeza processual, justiça processual, processo justo e equitativo.Resumo
A narrativa que gravita em torno da justiça processual é, no mo- mento que nos interpela, assaz conhecida. O sistema de administração de justiça penal chinês, que está a encetar uma consistente trajectória de aproximação aos prolegómenos essenciais da justeza processual, tem (para o bem ou para o mal) granjeado atenção à escala global. Sem embargo da justeza (ou falta dela) do entono crítico desferido por uma plêiade de detractores à escala mundial, a China tem envidado hercúleos esforços no sentido de caminhar na direcção da justeza processual, que se propugna firmemente no Estado de Direito. Embora a justeza processual e a justiça processual se enquadrem harmoniosamente no desenho funcional do processo penal da pessoa colectiva, denota-se, contudo, a existência de um conjunto de questões nucleares que devem ser consistente e acuradamente abordadas. De entre as quais se enumera a questão de se saber em que medida instrumentos de cariz vincadamente político, que, aparentemen- te, brigam frontalmente com conceitos jurídicos anquilosados no ideário jurídico ocidental, como o princípio da separação de poderes (v.g. os Casos Vinculantes emitidos pela Procuradoria Geral do Povo Chinês ou, de forma essencialmente similar, as interpretações judiciais gizadas pelo Supremo Tribunal do Povo Chinês) avocam a virtualidade de encetar, em si mesmo tomados, uma trajectória (consistente) de aproximação aos pilares identitá- rios de um processo justo e equitativo, que se move no horizonte funcional do processo penal da pessoa colectiva da China Continental. Ancorados no enquadramento temático que antecede, este artigo doutrinal tem como objectivo primacial responder a duas questões-volantes. Em primeiro lugar, em que medida o governo societário (e o cumprimento normativo) fagocita (e, sobretudo, pulveriza) a responsabilidade penal da pessoa colectiva. Em segundo lugar, se e em que medida de significado funcional os Casos Vinculantes esculpidos laboriosamente pela Procuradoria Geral do Povo Chinês tiveram o condão de provocar uma mudança de paradigma no processo penal da República Popular da China. De tal facto se infere que uma das ideias motrizes que avulta deste artigo doutrinal radica no axioma de que se pode decantar (ou extrair) um conjunto de corolários jurídicos (que são vastamente perpassados por considerações de justeza processual) dos Casos Vinculantes emitidos pela Procuradoria Geral do Povo Chinês, que se colimam à criação de parâmetros referenciais de justeza processual e de justiça processual em torno dos quais deverá gravitar o processo penal da pessoa colectiva da República Popular da China.
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