The role of the constitutional courts and ECtHR in shaping negotiated justice mechanisms
– a comparative perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v8i1.681Parole chiave:
plea bargaining, negotiated justice, fair trial rights, comparative criminal procedureAbstract
The article analyses the role of constitutional courts of Germany, France and Italy in shaping negotiated justice mechanisms in these countries with regard to their procedural and – to some extent – substantive fairness as well as the role of the ECtHR in establishing common standards of fairness of such settlements. In each of the analysed countries, as well as in the case law of the EctHR, it was frequently questioned whether institutions similar to plea bargaining are conform to continental constitutional concepts as well as the standard of the fair trial derived from the ECHR. The role of constitutional courts and the ECtHR in shaping fairness of criminal justice settlements has been non-negligible, although differed in compared legal systems: in France and in case of ECtHR it has rather been a controlling one, whereas in Germany and Italy significant tensions between constitutional courts and the legislature as well as lower courts have arisen and had to be resolved.Downloads
Riferimenti bibliografici
ALTENHEIN, Karsten, DIETMEIER, Frank, MAY, Markus. Die Praxis der Absprachen in Strafverfahren. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845247779
ALTENHAIN, Karsten, JAHN, Matthias, KINZIG, Jörg. Die Praxis der Verständigung im Strafprozess. Baden-Baden: Nomos. 2020. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748922094
AZIBERT, Gilbert. Perspectives et prospectives au sujet de la procédure de comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité dans la loi dite “Perben 2”. In: Le droit pénal à l'aube du troisième millénaire. Mélanges offerts à Jean Pradel. Collective work. Paris: Cujas, 2006. https://doi.org/10.3917/apc.032.0269
BACHMAIER, Lorena. The European Court of Human Rights on Negotiated Justice and Coercion. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, v. 26, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718174-02603001
BOHLANDER, Michael. Principles of German Criminal Procedure. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509935369.ch-005
BOLL, Mathias. Plea Bargaining and Agreement in the Criminal Process: A Comparison between Australia, England and Germany. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag, 2009.
BOYNE, Shawn Marie. Procedural Economy in Pre-Trial Procedure: Developments in Germany and the United States. In: THAMAN, Stephen C., ROSS, Jacqueline E. (eds.). Comparative Criminal Procedure. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007198.00016
DEAL, Detlef (pseudonym for WIEDER, Hans-Joachim). Der strafprozessuale Vergleich. Strafverteidiger, 1982.
DESPORTES, Frédéric, LAZERGES-COUSQUER, Laurence. Traité de procédure pénal. Paris: Economica, 2015.
EASTERBROOK, Frank H. Plea Bargaining as Compromise. Yale Law Journal, v. 101, n. 8, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/796953
FABRI, Marco in: FABRI, Marco (ed.). Four Criminal Procedure Case Studies in Comparative Perspective: China – Italy – Russia – USA. Baden-Baden: Nomos, Bern: Stämpfli Verlag, Wien: Jan Sramek Verlag, 2016.
FISHER, George. Plea Bargaining’s Triumph: A History of Plea Bargaining in America. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/109.4.124
FOURMENT, François, CAMOUS, Éric. Procédure pénale. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2021.
FROMMANN, Maike. Regulating Plea-Bargaining in Germany: Can the Italian Approach Serve as a Model to Guarantee the Independence of German Judges? Hanse Law Review, v. 5, n. 2, 2009.
GIALUZ, Mitja. The Italian Code of Criminal Procedure: a reading guide. In: GIALUZ, Mitja, LUPÁRIA, Luca. SCARP, Federica. The Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. Critical Essays and English Translation, Padova: Wolters Kluwer, 2014.
GILLIÉRON, Gwladys. Comparing Plea Bargaining and Abbreviated Trial Procedures. In: BROWN, Darryl K., TURNER, Jenia I., WEISSER, Bettina (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190659837.013.37
GUINCHARD, Serge, BUISSON, Jacques. Procédure pénale. Paris: Lexis Nexis, 2020.
ILLUMINATI, Giulio. The Frustrated Turn to Adversarial Procedure in Italy (Italian Criminal Procedure Code of 1988). Washington University Global Studies Law Review, v. 4, n. 2, 2005.
IOVENE, Federica. Plea Bargaining and Abbreviated Trial in Italy. Warwick School of Law Research Paper (Special Plea Bargaining Edition, editor Jackie Hodgson), n. 11, 2013. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2286705
JAHN, Matthias, SCHMITT-LEONARDY, Charlotte. The German “Verständigung” and Consensual Elements in German Criminal Trials. German Law Journal, vol. 21, n. 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.69
KOBOR, Susanne. Bargaining in the Criminal Justice Systems of the United States and Germany. A Matter of Justice and Administrative Efficiency Within Legal, Cultural Context. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2007.
LANGBEIN, John H. Land without Plea Bargaining: How the Germans Do It. Michigan Law Review, v. 78, n. 2, 1979. https://doi.org/10.2307/1288385
LANGER, Maximo. From Legal Transplants to Legal Translations: The Globalization of Plea Bargaining and the Americanization Thesis in Criminal Procedure. Harvard International Law Journal, v. 45, n. 1, 2004.
LANGER, Maximo. Plea Bargaining, Conviction without Trial, and the Global Administratization of Criminal Convictions. Annual Review of Criminology, v. 4, n. 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092255
LAZERGES, Christine. Le rôle du Conseil constitutionnel en matière de politique criminelle. Cahiers du Conseil Constitutionnel n° 26 (Dossier: La Constitution Et Le Droit Pénal), 2009. Available at: https://conseil-constitutionnel.fr/nouveaux-cahiers-du-conseil-constitutionnel/cahiers-du-conseil-constitutionnel-n-26-aout-2009. Accessed on: 16.01.2022. https://doi.org/10.3917/nccc
LUPÁRIA, Luca, GIALUZ, Mitja. Italian Criminal Procedure: Thirty Years After the Great Reform. Roma Tre Law Review, v. 1, 2019.
LUPÁRIA, Luca. Model code or broken dream? The Italian criminal procedure in a comparative perspective. In: GIALUZ, Mitja, LUPÁRIA, Luca, SCARPA, Federica. The Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. Critical Essays and English Translation. Padova: Wolters Kluwer, 2014.
MOSBACHER, Andreas. The Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of 19 March 2013 on Plea Agreements. German Law Journal, vol. 15, n. 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002807
NIANG, Babacar. Le "plaider-coupable" en France et aux États-Unis au regard des principes directeurs du procès pénal. Paris: l’Harmattan, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.643.0407
PERRODET, Antoinette. The Italian System. In: DELMAS-MARTY, Mireille, SPENCER, John R. (eds.). European Criminal Procedures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
PIZZI, William T., MONTAGNA, Mariangela. The Battle to Establish an Adversarial Trial System in Italy. Michigan Journal of International Law, v. 25, n. 2, 2004.
PLANQUE, Jean-Claude, SAPSE, Danielle, TOURNEL, Gilles. La comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité (CRPC): lointaine cousine du plea bargaining américain? Revue pénitentiaire. Droit pénal, v. 10, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3917/apc.032.0269
PRADEL, Jean. Procédure pénale. Paris: Cujas, 2019.
PRADEL, Jean. Le plaider coupable, confrontation des droits américain, italien et français. Revue internationale de droit comparé, vol. 57, n. 2, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2005.19357
RAUXLOH, Regina. Formalization of Plea Bargaining in Germany: Will the New Legislation Be Able to Square the Circle? Fordham International Law Journal, v. 34, n. 2, 2011.
RAUXLOH, Regina. Plea Bargaining in National and International Law. Abingdon-sur-Thames: Routledge 2012. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203116128
ROBERSON, Cliff, DAS, Dilip K. An Introduction to Comparative Legal Models of Criminal Justice. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2016.
ROXIN, Claus, SCHÜNEMANN, Bernd. Strafverfahrensrecht. Munchen: C.H. Beck, 2017.
SCHEMMEL, Alexander, CORELL, Christian, RICHTER, Natalie. Plea Bargaining in Criminal Proceedings: Changes to Criminal Defense Counsel Practice as a Result of the German Constitutional Court Verdict of 19 March 2013? German Law Journal, vol. 15, n. 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002820
SCHULHOFER, Stephen J. Plea Bargaining as Disaster. Yale Law Journal, v. 101, n. 8, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/796954
SCOTT, Robercott E., STUNTZ, William J. Plea Bargaining as Contract. Yale Law Journal, v. 101, n. 8, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/796952
STEFANI, Gaston, LEVASSEUR, George BOULOC, Bernard. Procédure pénale. Paris: Dalloz, 2019.
THAMAN, Stephen C. (ed.). World Plea Bargaining. Consensual Procedures and the Avoidance of Full Criminal Trial. Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2010.
THAMAN, Stephen C. Plea-Bargaining, Negotiating Confessions and Consensual Resolution of Criminal Cases. In: BOELE-WOELKI, Katharina Boele-Woelki, VAN ERP, Sjef (eds.). General Reports of the XVIIth Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law. Bruxelles: Bruylant, Utrecht: Eleven, 2007. https://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.62
TULKENS, Françoise. Negotiated Justice. In: DELMAS-MARTY, Mireille, SPENCER, John R. (eds). European Criminal Procedures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
TURNER, Jenia I. Judicial Participation in Plea Negotiations: A Comparative View. American Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 54, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/54.1.199
TURNER, Jenia I. Limits on the search for truth in criminal procedure: a comparative view. In: THAMAN, Stephen C., ROSS, Jacqueline E. (eds). Comparative Criminal Procedure. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007198.00008
TURNER, Jenia I. Plea Bargaining Across Borders. New York: Aspen Publishers, 2009.
TURNER, Jenia I., WEIGEND, Thomas. Negotiated Case Dispositions in Germany, England, and the United States. In: AMBOS, Kai, DUFF, Antony, ROBERTS, Julian, WEIGEND, Thomas (eds). Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, vol. I, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649742.011
VAN CLEAVE, Rachel A. An offer you can’t refuse? Punishment without trial in Italy and the United States: the search for truth and an efficient criminal justice system. Emory International Law Review, v. 11, 1997.
VITIELLO, Michael. Bargained-for-Justice: Lessons from the Italians? University of the Pacific Law Review, v. 48, 2017.
WEIGEND, Thomas. Exclusion without trial? Exclusion of evidence and abbreviated procedures. Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal, v. 7, n. 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v7i1.502
WEIGEND, Thomas. The Decay of the Inquisitorial Ideal: Plea Bargaining Invades German Criminal Procedure. In: JACKSON, John, LANGER, Máximo, TILLERS, Peter (eds). Crime, Procedure and Evidence in a Comparative and International Context: Essays in Honour of Professor Mirjan Damaška. London: Hart Publishing, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472564528.ch-003
WEIGEND, Thomas, TURNER, Jenia I. The Constitutionality of Negotiated Criminal Judgments in Germany. German Law Journal, vol. 15, n. 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002844
Dowloads
Pubblicato
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2022 Dorota Czerwińska
Questo volume è pubblicato con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale.
As of 2022, articles published in the RDPP are licensed under Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional. rticles published until 2021 adopted the Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Come citare
