Controle judicial dos acordos criminais e o direito ao recurso: análise comparativa dos modelos de common law e de civil law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v11i3.1340Palavras-chave:
justiça negociada, controle judicial, plea bargaining, processo penal comparado, devido processo legalResumo
O presente artigo examina como os tribunais supervisionam os acordos negociados no âmbito do processo penal, analisando cinco jurisdições distintas: Estados Unidos, Inglaterra e País de Gales, França, Alemanha e Polônia. Embora todos esses sistemas façam uso de mecanismos de negociação, seu desenvolvimento seguiu caminhos bastante diversos, e o papel atribuído ao juiz do processo está longe de ser uniforme. O ponto mínimo comum que se observa é o dever de verificar se a admissão de culpa foi voluntária e lícita, mas a profundidade dessa revisão varia significativamente. Em alguns países, o papel do juiz é reduzido quase a uma formalidade; em outros, está diretamente vinculado à busca da verdade e à proporcionalidade da sanção. O artigo também destaca a relação entre o controle exercido pelo juízo de primeiro grau e a extensão da revisão em grau de recurso, bem como os riscos decorrentes da supremacia do Ministério Público quando o controle judicial se enfraquece. Conclui-se que, quanto mais frequentemente se recorrem a mecanismos consensuais, mais essencial se torna preservar o papel do tribunal como verdadeira garantia de justiça e não como mero homologador de acordos.
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