Controle judicial dos acordos criminais e o direito ao recurso: análise comparativa dos modelos de common law e de civil law

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v11i3.1340

Palavras-chave:

justiça negociada, controle judicial, plea bargaining, processo penal comparado, devido processo legal

Resumo

O presente artigo examina como os tribunais supervisionam os acordos negociados no âmbito do processo penal, analisando cinco jurisdições distintas: Estados Unidos, Inglaterra e País de Gales, França, Alemanha e Polônia. Embora todos esses sistemas façam uso de mecanismos de negociação, seu desenvolvimento seguiu caminhos bastante diversos, e o papel atribuído ao juiz do processo está longe de ser uniforme. O ponto mínimo comum que se observa é o dever de verificar se a admissão de culpa foi voluntária e lícita, mas a profundidade dessa revisão varia significativamente. Em alguns países, o papel do juiz é reduzido quase a uma formalidade; em outros, está diretamente vinculado à busca da verdade e à proporcionalidade da sanção. O artigo também destaca a relação entre o controle exercido pelo juízo de primeiro grau e a extensão da revisão em grau de recurso, bem como os riscos decorrentes da supremacia do Ministério Público quando o controle judicial se enfraquece. Conclui-se que, quanto mais frequentemente se recorrem a mecanismos consensuais, mais essencial se torna preservar o papel do tribunal como verdadeira garantia de justiça e não como mero homologador de acordos.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Biografia do Autor

  • Andrzej Sakowicz, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

    Professor at the University of Bialystok, Poland; the Faculty of Law; the Department of Criminal Procedure. PhD in Law. 

  • Sebastian Zieliński, Warsaw University of Technology

    Assistant Professor at the Warsaw University of Technology, Poland; the Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences; the Department of Administrative Law and Public Policy. PhD in Law. 

Referências

ALSCHULER, Albert W. Plea bargaining and its history. Columbia Law Review. Vol. 13, 1979

ALTENHAIN, Karsten; JAHN, Matthias; KINZIG, Jörg. Die Praxis der Verständigung im Strafprozess. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748922094

ASHWORTH, Andrew. Plea bargaining, pragmatism and rights. In Müller-Dietz, Heinz; RADTKE, Henning (eds). Festschrift für Heike Jung zum 65. Geburtstag am 23 April 2007. Nomos: Baden-Baden, 2020

BERNARDO Kevin. Post-Sentencing Appellate Waivers. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform. Vol. 48. Issue 2, 2015

BELLIN, Jeffrey. TURNER, Jenia, Sentencing in an Era of Plea Bargains, North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 102, Nr 1, 2023

BORATYŃSKA, Katarzynal CZARNECKI, Paweł; KRÓLIKOWSKI, Michał. In SAKOWICZ, Andrzej (ed). The Code of Criminal Procedure. A Commentary. Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2025

BOSSAN, Jérôme, LETURMY, Laurence. Rapport final de recherche la comparution sur reconnaissance prealable de culpabilite. Bilans et perspectives, Novembre 2019, pp. 82, https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02371728v1/document

BOYNE, Shawn Marie. Procedural Economy in Pre-Trial Procedure: Developments in Germany and the United States (October 23, 2013). Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law Research Paper No. 2013-39, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2344508

BROOKS, Thom. Why should guilty pleas matter? In ROBERTS, Julian V.; RYBERG, Jesper (eds) Sentencing the Self-Convicted: The Ethics of Pleading Guilty. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2022, p. 127–150, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4076318

BUŁAT, Adam. Rozstrzygnięcie sądu odwoławczego po rozpoznaniu apelacji od wyroku konsensualnego [Decision of an appellate court after hearing an appeal against a consensual judgment]. Przegląd Sądowy. Vol. 11-12, p. 88-98, 2020

CALHOUN, Robert K. Waiver of the Right to Appeal. Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly. Vol 23, 1996

CZERWIŃSKA, Dorota. Porozumienia procesowe w sprawach karnych. Między sprawnością a sprawiedliwością [Procedural Settlements in Criminal Matters: Between Effectiveness and Justice]. Warszawa: WoltersKluwer 2024

DECHEPY-TELLIER, Johan. The public prosecutor’s office in the French legal system. DPCE Online. Vol. 61, No 1, p. 330. 2024, https://doi.org/10.57660/dpceonline.2024.2082

DESPORTES Frédéric, LAZERGES-COUSQUE, Laurence. Traité de procédure pénale. Paris: Economica, 2015DESPREZ, François. La comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité: 18 mois d'application à Montpellier (1er octobre 2004 – 1er avril 2006). Archives de politique criminelle. Vol. 28, No 1, p. 109-134. 2006, DOI 10.3917/apc.028.0109

DYER, Gregory M.; JUDGE, Brendan. Criminal Defendants' Waiver of the Right to Appeal--An Unacceptable Condition of a Negotiated Sentence or Plea Bargain. Notre Dame Law Review. Vol. 65, Issue 3, 1990

ESCHELBACH, Ralf. In GRAF, Jürgen Peter (Hrsg.). Strafprozessordnung: Mit Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen, Kommentar. München: C.H.Beck, 2010

FLYNN, Asher. Fortunately We in Victoria Are Not in That UK Situation': Australian and United Kingdom Perspectives on Plea Bargaining Reform. Deakin Law Review. vol. 16, 2011

FOURMENT, François F. Procédure pénale. Orléans: Paradigme publications universitaires, 2003

FROMMANN, Maike. Regulating Plea-Bargaining in Germany: Can the Italian Approach Serve as a Model to Guarantee the Independence of German Judges?. Hanse Law Review. Vol. 1, No 1, 2009

GABRIEL, Richard L. The Strickland standard for claims of Ineffective assistance of counsel: emasculating the sixth amendment in the guise of due process. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Vol. 134, 1986

GAROUPA, Nuno; STEPHEN, Frank H. Why plea-bargaining fails to achieve results in so many criminal justice systems: A new framework for assessment. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X0801500303

GILESPIE, Alisdair A., The Right to a Newton Hearing: Goldsmith v DPP. The Journal of Criminal Law. Vol. 74, Issue 1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2010.74.1.610

GILLIÉRON, Gwladys. Comparing plea bargaining and abbreviated trial procedures. In: BROWN Darryl K., TURNER Jenia Iontcheva, WEISSER Bettina (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019

GORMLEY, Jay. The inefficiency of plea bargaining. J Law Soc. 2022; 49: 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12360

GRAF, Jürgen Peter. Strafprozessordnung: Mit Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen, Kommentar. München: C.H. Beck, 2010

GRANDE, Eliabetta. Comparative approaches to criminal procedure. In BROWN Darryl K., TURNER Jenia Iontcheva, WEISSER Bettina (eds). The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019

GRIFFIN, Lissa. The Right to Effective Assistance of Appellate Counsel. West Virginia Law Review. Vol. 97, No 1, 1994

HAERI Kami. Negotiated Criminal Justice and French Guilty Plea Procedure: Improved Rights for the Prosecuted Individuals, 5 February 2024, https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/negotiated-criminal-justice-and-french-guilty-plea-procedure-improved-rights

HAMDAN, Stephanie. Absprachen im französischen Verfahren?. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2018

HELLER Jens. Die gescheiterte Urteilsabsprache. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2004; HERRMANN, Joachim. Rechtliche Strukturen für Absprachen in der Hauptverhandlung: Die Richtlinienentscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs – BGHSt. JuS. Vol. 43, p. 1162-1167, 1999

HERMAN, Nicholas. Plea Bargaining. New York: Juris Publishing. Inc., 2012

HODGSON, Jacqueline S. The metamorphosis of criminal justice: A comparative account. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199981427.001.0001

HORNE, Juliet, Plea Bargains, Guilty Pleas and the Consequences for Appeal in England and Wales, Warwick School of Law Research Paper, 2013, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2286681

IGNOR, Alexander. Die Zukunft des Strafverfahrens – Abschied vom Rechtstaat? Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft. Heft 5, p. 927–937. 2007; SCHÜNEMANN, Bernd. Die Zukunft des Strafverfahrens – Abschied vom Rechtstaat? Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft. Heft 5, 2007.

SATZGER, Helmut; SCHLUCKEBIER, Wilhelm (Hrsg.). Strafprozessordnung: mit GVG und EMRK. München :Carl Heymanns, 2016

KOPER, Radosław. O nowej formie konsensualizmu w procesie karnym (art. 338a i 343a k.p.k.) [On the new consensual form of ending criminal proceedings (article 338a and 343a of the Code of Criminal Procedure)]. Palestra. Vol. 7-8, 2014

KOPER, Radosław. Dwa tryby skazania bez rozprawy w procesie karnym [Two procedures for convicting without trial in criminal proceedings]. Prokuratura i Prawo. Vol. 10, 2016

LAFAVE, Wayne R. ISRAEL, Jerold H., KING Nancy J., KERR Orin S., Criminal Procedure. Minneapolis: West, 2017

LANGER, M., Plea Bargaining, Conviction Without Trial, and the Global Administratization of Criminal Convictions, Annual Review of Criminology Volume 4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092255.

LEBLOIS–HAPPE, Jocelyne. De la transaction pénale à la composition pénale, loi nr 99–515 du 23 juin 1999. Juris–classer périodique – La semaine juridique. Vol. 1, 2000

LUNA Erik; WADE, Marianne (ed.) The Prosecutor in Transnational Perspective, OXFORD: Oxford University Press, 2012

JAHN, Mmatthias; SCHMITT-LEONARDY Charlotte. The German “Verständigung” and Consensual Elements in German Criminal Trials. German Law Journal. Vol. 21, No 6, 2020, doi:10.1017/glj.2020.69.

MOSBACHER, Andreas. The Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of 19 March 2013 on Plea Agreements. German Law Journal. Vol. 15, Special issue - Plea Bargains in Germany, 2014

NEUMANN, Ulfrid. Wahrheit im Recht. Zu Problematik und Legitimität einer fragwürdigen Denkform. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2004

NIANG, Babacar. Le “plaider coupable” en France et aux Etats-Unis au regard des principes directeurs du procès penal. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2014

NIEMÖLLER, Martin. In NIEMÖLLER, Martin; SCHLOTHAUER, Reinhold; WEIDER, Hans-Joachim (Hrsg.). Gesetz zur Verständigung im Strafverfahren. Kommentar. München: C.H.Beck, 2010

NOBLES, Richard. SCHIFF, David. The Supervision of Guilty Pleas by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales – Workable Relationships and Tragic Choices. Criminal Law Forum. Vol. 31, 2020

NOLTE, Julia. Hinweispflichten bei gescheiterter Verständigung im Blickwinkel der aktuellen BGH-Rechtsprechung. Leipzig Law Journal. Vol. 1, 2023

PALMER, Michael; ROBERTS, Marian (eds) Comparative Dispute Resolution. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020

PAOLINI, Gabriele, KANTOROWICZ‐REZNICHENKO, Elena, VOIGT, Stefan. Plea bargaining procedures worldwide: Drivers of introduction and use. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Vol. 22, Issue 5, 2025

PRADEL, Jean. Vers un “aggiornamiento” des réponses de la procédure pénale à la criminalité. Apports de la loi nr 2004–204 du 9 mars 2004 dite Perben II. Juris–classer périodique – La semaine Juridique. Vol. 1, 2004

PRADEL, Jean. Manuel de procédure pénale. Paris: Cujas, 2006;

RAUXLOH, Regina. Plea Bargaining in National and International Law A Comparative Study, New York: Routledge, 2012

RAUXLOH, Regina E. Formalization of Plea Bargaining in Germany: Will the New Legislation Be Able to Square the Circle?. Fordham International Law Journal. Vol. 34, Issue 2, 2011

REIMELT, Alexandra W. An Unjust Bargain: Plea Bargains and Waiver of the Right to Appeal. College Law Review. Vol 51. Issue 13, 2010

RIEß, Peter. Über die Aufgaben des Strafverfahrens. Juristische Rundschau. Heft 7, , 2006

ROGACKA-RZEWNICKA, Maria. Zasada oportunizmu w świetle ostatnich reform francuskiej procedury karnej [The Principle of opportunism in light of recent reforms of French Criminal Procedure]. Prokuratura i Prawo. Vol. 4, 2006

STEINBORN, Sławomir. Porozumienia w polskim procesie karnym. Skazanie bez rozprawy i dobrowolne poddanie się odpowiedzialności karnej, Kraków: Wolters, 2005

THOMAS, Philip A. Plea Bargaining in England. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Vol. 69, Issue 2. 1978

TURNER, Jenia Iontcheva. Judicial Participation in Plea Negotiations: A Comparative View. The American Journal of Comparative Law. Vol. 54, 2006.

TURNER, Jenia Iontcheva. Plea Bargaining and Disclosure in Germany and the United States: Comparative Lessons. William & Mary Law Review. Vol. 57, Issue 2, 2016.

WEIGEND, Thomas, Should We Search for the Truth, and Who Should Do It?, The North Carolina Journal of International Law. Vol 36, 2010

WEIGEND, Thomas. Exclusion without trial? Exclusion of evidence and abbreviated procedures. Revista Brasileira De Direito Processual Penal. Vol. 7, Nr 1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v7i1.502

WEIGEND, Thoman, TURNER, Jenia Iontcheva. The Constitutionality of Negotiated Criminal Judgments in Germany. German Law Journal. Vol. 15, nr 1, 2014

SAKOWICZ, Andrzej (ed). The Code of Criminal Procedure. A Commentary. Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2025

SCHEMMEL, Alexander; CORELL, Christian; RICHTER, Natalie. Plea Bargaining in Criminal Proceedings: Changes to Criminal Defense Counsel Practice as a Result of the German Constitutional Court Verdict of 19 March 2013? German Law Journal. Vol. 15, Special issue - Plea Bargains in Germany, 2014.

SOUBISE, Laurène. Guilty Pleas in an Inquisitorial Setting – An Empirical Study of France. Journal of Law and Society. Vol. 45, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12121

ŚWIECKI, Dariusz. Ograniczenie podstaw odwoławczych do wniesienia apelacji w trybach konsensualnych(art. 447 § 5 k.p.k.) [Restriction of the appeal grounds for filing an appeal in consensual procedures]. Przegląd Sądowy. Vol. 9, 2019

Downloads

Publicado

01.12.2025

Declaração de Disponibilidade de Dados

In compliance with open science policies, all data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Edição

Seção

DOSSIÊ: Uma Análise Comparativa dos Sistemas de Justiça Negociada

Como Citar

Sakowicz, A., & Zieliński, S. (2025). Controle judicial dos acordos criminais e o direito ao recurso: análise comparativa dos modelos de common law e de civil law. Revista Brasileira De Direito Processual Penal, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v11i3.1340